.twrite

Transparent write namespace for standard contract transactions

The .twrite namespace provides standard (non-encrypted) contract write operations using eth_sendTransaction. Use this when privacy is not required and you want to minimize gas costs.

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Overview

When you call contract.twrite.functionName(...), the SDK:

1. Encodes your function call using the contract ABI

2. Constructs a standard Ethereum transaction

3. Sends the transaction using eth_sendTransaction

4. Returns the transaction hash

No encryption is applied — calldata is visible on-chain to anyone.

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Usage Pattern

tx_hash = contract.twrite.functionName(arg1, arg2, ...)

• Sync: Returns HexBytes transaction hash immediately

• Async: Returns HexBytes transaction hash (must await)

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Parameters

Function Arguments

Pass function arguments as positional parameters:

# Single argument
tx_hash = contract.twrite.setNumber(42)

# Multiple arguments
tx_hash = contract.twrite.transfer(recipient_address, 1000)

# Complex types
tx_hash = contract.twrite.batchTransfer(
    ["0x123...", "0x456..."],
    [100, 200],
)

Transaction Options (Keyword Arguments)

Transaction options are passed as keyword arguments:

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
value	int	0	ETH value to send (in wei)
Any eth_sendTransaction param	Any	—	Standard web3.py transaction parameters

Common additional parameters:

• gas — Gas limit

• gasPrice — Gas price (legacy)

• maxFeePerGas — Max fee per gas (EIP-1559)

• maxPriorityFeePerGas — Max priority fee (EIP-1559)

• nonce — Transaction nonce (auto-generated if omitted)

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Examples

Sync Usage

from seismic_web3 import create_wallet_client

# Create client and contract
w3 = create_wallet_client(...)
contract = w3.seismic.contract(address="0x...", abi=ABI)

# Basic transparent write
tx_hash = contract.twrite.setNumber(42)
print(f"Transaction: {tx_hash.to_0x_hex()}")

# Wait for confirmation
receipt = w3.eth.wait_for_transaction_receipt(tx_hash)
print(f"Status: {receipt['status']}")

Async Usage

from seismic_web3 import create_async_wallet_client

# Create async client and contract
w3 = await create_async_wallet_client(...)
contract = w3.seismic.contract(address="0x...", abi=ABI)

# Basic transparent write
tx_hash = await contract.twrite.setNumber(42)
print(f"Transaction: {tx_hash.to_0x_hex()}")

# Wait for confirmation
receipt = await w3.eth.wait_for_transaction_receipt(tx_hash)
print(f"Status: {receipt['status']}")

Sending ETH

# Send 1 ETH with the transaction
tx_hash = contract.twrite.deposit(
    value=10**18,  # 1 ETH in wei
)

Custom Gas (Legacy)

# Legacy gas pricing
tx_hash = contract.twrite.transfer(
    recipient,
    amount,
    gas=100_000,
    gasPrice=20 * 10**9,  # 20 gwei
)

EIP-1559 Gas Parameters

# EIP-1559 gas pricing
tx_hash = contract.twrite.transfer(
    recipient,
    amount,
    gas=100_000,
    maxFeePerGas=50 * 10**9,          # 50 gwei max
    maxPriorityFeePerGas=2 * 10**9,   # 2 gwei priority
)

Custom Nonce

# Explicitly set nonce
nonce = w3.eth.get_transaction_count(w3.eth.default_account)
tx_hash = contract.twrite.transfer(
    recipient,
    amount,
    nonce=nonce,
)

Combining Parameters

tx_hash = contract.twrite.complexOperation(
    arg1,
    arg2,
    value=10**17,               # 0.1 ETH
    gas=200_000,
    maxFeePerGas=40 * 10**9,    # 40 gwei
    maxPriorityFeePerGas=2 * 10**9,  # 2 gwei
)

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Return Value

Returns HexBytes containing the transaction hash.

# Sync
tx_hash = contract.twrite.transfer(recipient, amount)
assert isinstance(tx_hash, HexBytes)

# Async
tx_hash = await contract.twrite.transfer(recipient, amount)
assert isinstance(tx_hash, HexBytes)

You can:

• Convert to hex string: tx_hash.to_0x_hex()

• Convert to bytes: bytes(tx_hash)

• Wait for receipt: w3.eth.wait_for_transaction_receipt(tx_hash)

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Privacy Implications

What's Visible

Everything is visible on-chain:

• Your address (transaction sender)

• Contract address (transaction recipient)

• Function selector (first 4 bytes of calldata)

• All function arguments (decoded in calldata)

• Value transferred

• Gas parameters

• Transaction result (success/revert)

Example

# This transaction is completely visible
tx_hash = contract.twrite.transfer(
    "0x1234...",  # Recipient visible
    1000,         # Amount visible
)

Anyone can:

• See you called transfer

• See the recipient address

• See the amount transferred

• Decode all parameters from calldata

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When to Use .twrite

Good Use Cases

• Public operations — No sensitive data in calldata

• Cost optimization — Lower gas costs (no encryption overhead)

• Public protocols — DEX trades, public votes, open registrations

• Testing — Quick tests where privacy doesn't matter

• Compatibility — Interacting with contracts that expect standard transactions

Examples

# Public token approval (amount is public anyway)
tx_hash = contract.twrite.approve(spender, amount)

# Public registration (no sensitive data)
tx_hash = contract.twrite.register(username)

# Public voting (open ballot)
tx_hash = contract.twrite.vote(proposal_id, True)

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When NOT to Use .twrite

Use .write Instead When

• Function arguments contain sensitive data

• Privacy is required (trading, private voting, auctions)

• Amounts or addresses should be hidden

• Compliance requires confidentiality

Examples (Use .write for these)

# Private balance transfer — use .write
tx_hash = contract.write.transfer(recipient, secret_amount)

# Private auction bid — use .write
tx_hash = contract.write.bid(secret_bid_amount)

# Private vote — use .write
tx_hash = contract.write.castPrivateVote(candidate_id)

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Comparison with Other Namespaces

Namespace	Encryption	Transaction Type	Gas Cost	Use Case
.write	Encrypted calldata	TxSeismic (0x4a)	Standard + encryption overhead	Privacy-sensitive writes
.twrite	No encryption	eth_sendTransaction	Standard	Public writes, lower cost
.dwrite	Encrypted + debug info	TxSeismic (0x4a)	Same as .write	Development/debugging

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Error Handling

from web3.exceptions import TransactionNotFound, TimeExhausted

try:
    tx_hash = contract.twrite.transfer(recipient, amount)
    receipt = w3.eth.wait_for_transaction_receipt(tx_hash, timeout=120)

    if receipt['status'] == 0:
        print("Transaction reverted")
    else:
        print("Transaction succeeded")

except ValueError as e:
    print(f"Transaction failed: {e}")
except TimeExhausted:
    print("Transaction not mined within timeout")

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Standard Web3.py Behavior

The .twrite namespace uses standard eth_sendTransaction under the hood. All web3.py transaction features work:

Account Management

# Uses default account from web3
w3.eth.default_account = "0x..."
tx_hash = contract.twrite.transfer(recipient, amount)

Transaction Middleware

# All middleware is applied (gas estimation, nonce management, etc.)
from web3.middleware import geth_poa_middleware
w3.middleware_onion.inject(geth_poa_middleware, layer=0)

tx_hash = contract.twrite.transfer(recipient, amount)

Gas Estimation

# Gas is auto-estimated if not provided
tx_hash = contract.twrite.complexMethod(args)  # Gas estimated automatically

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Best Practices

Security Checklist

• Verify calldata is not sensitive — Anyone can see it

• Check if privacy is required — Use .write if in doubt

• Validate recipient addresses — Mistakes are public and permanent

• Test with small amounts first — Errors are visible to everyone

Optimization Tips

• Let web3.py estimate gas (don't hardcode unless necessary)

• Use EIP-1559 pricing on supported networks

• Batch multiple operations if possible

• Consider using .write for high-value transactions (extra privacy worth the cost)

Common Patterns

# Approve + transfer pattern
approve_tx = contract.twrite.approve(spender, amount)
w3.eth.wait_for_transaction_receipt(approve_tx)

transfer_tx = contract.twrite.transferFrom(owner, recipient, amount)
w3.eth.wait_for_transaction_receipt(transfer_tx)

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Low-Level Alternative

Direct eth_sendTransaction call:

tx_hash = w3.eth.send_transaction({
    "to": contract_address,
    "data": "0x...",  # Encoded calldata
    "value": 0,
    "gas": 100_000,
})

The .twrite namespace is more convenient as it handles ABI encoding automatically.

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See Also

• .write Namespace — Encrypted writes for privacy

• .tread Namespace — Transparent reads

• .dwrite Namespace — Debug writes

• Contract Instance — Contract wrapper reference

• Web3.py Documentation — Standard Ethereum transactions